Teatro, discursos, ensinamentos, declarações, folhetins e livros são alguns dos recursos utilizados ao decorrer dos séculos para se propagar a literatura. Desde a Antiguidade às gerações modernistas, inovou-se a forma de ler e consumir obras literárias, sem abandonar os métodos antigos.
Enquanto ainda existem os textos dramáticos, herdados da cultura grega, novas formas de visualizar os materiais que interpretam o mundo surgem como alternativas de adaptação ao ambiente moderno, que deixa cada vez menos espaço aos costumes antigos. Em meio às ondas de novidades que surgem com a navegação pela internet, o e-book (ou livro digital) entra como um forte representante da literatura para garantir sua prosperidade perante as inovações tecnológicas.
Acredita-se que o criador dessa nova era de leituras seja Michael Stern Hart, fundador do Projeto Gutenberg (com o propósito da digitalização de livros de domínio público) e o responsável por digitar a Declaração da Independência dos Estados Unidos, em 1971, tornando-a acessível nas redes.
Outro grande marco da história dos e-books ocorre, em 1993. O poeta e filósofo estadunidense de origem colombiana Zahur Klemath Zapata registra o primeiro programa de livros digitais, intitulado “Digital Book v1”. Ainda existem especulações sobre qual teria sido o primeiro livro digital publicado, tendo como candidato de Dene Grigar, docente da Universidade do Estado de Washington, a hipernarrativa “Uncle Roger” de Judy Malloy Tio Roger, que foi publicada semanalmente, desde 1986 a 1988.
Dentre os muitos feitos importantes para a inovação dos e-books, como a venda de livros pela internet no site da Amazon, em 1995, e o alcance de 1000 títulos digitalizados pelo projeto Gutenberg no ano seguinte, o mercado dos livros digitais se mostrou promissor às empresas que investiam nesta nova forma de leitura. Em 2005, a Amazon comprou a empresa francesa Mobipocket (que produz software de leitores de e-book) e, em 2007, lançou o Kindle, um aparelho designado exclusivamente para leituras de obras digitais.
Com isso, o mercado dos livros digitais cresceu junto à internet e se tornou uma alternativa mais barata e acessível aos leitores já adaptados ao mundo moderno da tecnologia, embora, ainda existem aqueles que preferem as versões físicas, seja por costume ou apego ao tradicional.
Segundo o site português da Fnac, destacam-se 10 vantagens incontornáveis de ler e-books. Dentre elas, a facilidade de transportar milhares de livros para onde quiser, dicionários integrados, pesquisa rápida de palavras ou citações nas obras, possibilidade de marcações digitais e a redução da pegada ecológica, em relação aos livros físicos. Além dessa lista, ainda há um vídeo da editora Intrínseca que compara as versões digital e física com recursos visuais mais descontraídos.
Assim, em meio ao avanço irrefreável da tecnologia ao redor do mundo, os livros digitais se tornam a resistência da literatura diante de toda a transformação proveniente da internet e garantem o acesso de obras antigas às novas gerações, a partir de uma aproximação mais confortável aos olhos que nasceram modernos. Essa alternativa também gerou novas oportunidades para revelar novos autores, que adentram no mundo da leitura por meio das “fanfics” como usuários e se tornam best-sellers rapidamente (com o exemplo de Anna Todd, autora de “After”).
Com a ascensão dos e-books, um mundo novo se constrói. Oportunidades, sonhos, novidades, adaptações, tudo junto em um só pacote. Seja você adepto ao tradicional ou amante da nova era tecnológica de leitura, os e-books vieram para ficar. Quanto às versões off-line, não se sabe muito de seu futuro. De qualquer modo, é mais uma história para a evolução da literatura.
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